If we were to learn something from the IT industry, it would certainly be the fact that everything can be optimized. Surely, it won’t always be a big change, however, your solution is going to be better. It shows that progress is not rapid and sudden. During the majority of the time, the process of advancement is slow but steady and unyielding. It is especially true for e-Commerce platform optimization and we’ll be talking about one of the most popular of them \u2013 Magento. After reading this article you will know how to start optimization in Magento 2 using GraphQL<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Magento 2<\/a><\/strong> is an e-commerce platform used by professionals all around the world for online store building and maintenance. As the saying goes, “The customer is always right”. So, if the e-customer wants speed, the e-commerce owners have to maximally optimize their sites so they provide the fastest and most comfortable experience. <\/strong>It’s right here that the GraphQL technology enters. But how does it work and how can it optimize site communication in Magento 2?<\/p>\n GraphQL is an open-source query language for API systems. It was created by Facebook back in 2012, but today it is supported by the GraphQL Foundation<\/a><\/strong>. The foundation was established by Facebook owners in order to further advance GraphQL on a non-profit basis. As a result of this, a growing community of developers has picked interest in the query language. Today it is one of the more popular ones. It contains numerous libraries that allow other platforms to utilize GraphQL, both on the backend and on the front. Two of the GraphQL libraries are included in the Magento<\/a> 2 tech stack: webonyx\/graphql-php<\/strong> (server-side) and Apollo Graphql Nano<\/strong> (client-side).<\/p>\n GraphQL uses queries to efficiently and flexibly obtain data and information needed for responses to website users’ actions. The system sends requests in protocol HTTP and HTTPS. In return, it receives responses written in JSON format<\/strong> \u2013 a language based on JavaScript, created for intersystem data exchange. However, before the query is sent you have to ensure that it is compatible with the predefined schema on the server. Additionally, in GraphQL the properties of data downloaded from the backend depend on the type of request:<\/p>\n We’ve written about how frontend-to-backend communication works in a previous article. However, in order to better understand what is GraphQL responsible for, we will shortly sum it up:<\/p>\n Sounds simple? Maybe so, but it certainly is not. After all, it is not enough to make something right, but to make it better than others. In the e-Commerce world “better” means faster and more comfortable for the user<\/strong>. How does exactly GraphQL stand out from the other APIs? What makes it better for Magento store optimization?<\/p>\n Both technologies share some similarities when it comes to fulfilling queries. Like GraphQL, REST also uses HTTP\/S protocols to communicate with the backend and sends responses in JSON format. Both languages also define the data obtained from the backend as resources. For example, in e-commerce platforms like Magento, resources can be products, users, categories, prices, etc. Although both languages use resources, GraphQL does it differently than REST.<\/p>\n REST API assigns every single resource to a different endpoint (which is one end of the frontend-backend communication channel). It means that when you use REST the system will have to send your requests to different endpoints depending on their type.<\/p>\n On the other hand, GraphQL sends all its queries to one shared endpoint. What are the effects of it?<\/strong><\/p>\n REST API doesn’t give you control over how much data you want to obtain from the resource. When you send out the resources query to the given endpoint, you’ll have to download all the data stored in it. That’s because the REST methods have predefined interfaces, which force the responses from the server side to contain all fields defined in the given interface.<\/p>\n On the contrary, GraphQL offers a more flexible and effective solution to that problem. When using this query language, you can actually define what data are going to be retrieved from the backend<\/strong>. You are able to do this after making changes to the request’s structure. You don’t need an extra endpoint for specific resources<\/strong>. It suffices that you define your query type (GET or POST) to show the API what data you need. What’s more, you can further configure GraphQL queries to better scale data and optimize backend-frontend cooperation in your Magento store<\/strong>.<\/p>\n A too-high amount of queries sent to the backend is not good for store optimization. REST API forces you to send more queries when you want to define more specifically what type of data you need; one query regarding resources, a second regarding the data stored within<\/strong>. Only after this prolonged procedure, the wanted data will be rendered on the client side.<\/p>\n At the same time, GraphQL allows you to shorten this operation in two ways: query nesting and query linking<\/strong>. First, let’s explain the query nesting. Simply put, it means locating two or more separate queries into one request. This nested query is composed of the main query and a subquery<\/strong>. The main query part defines what resource is the query sent to, while the subquery tells what data is to be retrieved.<\/p>\n This method can be further enhanced with the help of recursive queries. This type of query allows for nesting multiple main and subqueries in one query<\/strong>. In effect, you can retrieve whole sets of data with just one request. This greatly shortens the work time of developers and lowers the chance of making errors when building site architecture. Additionally, the utilization of recursive queries works for the users’ benefit. When you base your site on this type of query, the data retrieved from the backend is saved in cache memory<\/strong>. Therefore, the user does not have to wait for the queries to be sent and for the data to be saved. Additionally, they can now access the store when offline.<\/p>\n The second method of lowering the query amount is query linking. This operation is especially helpful when your app or site requires downloading data about elements and settings whenever a user enters the store<\/strong>. Some platforms like Magento have predefined queries for this type of operation. Thanks to GraphQL you can further optimize client-to-server communication. Instead of sending out two requests for data to be cached, you can put them in one request. Thus you can link queries that regard completely unrelated backend resources and cache them afterwards. This will speed up the functioning of the whole page and make it easier for developers to work with it.<\/p>\nHow can you optimize server-client communication in Magento 2 with GraphQL?<\/h2>\n
What is GraphQL?<\/h3>\n
How does GraphQL work?<\/h3>\n
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Magento 2 optimization: GraphQL vs REST API<\/h2>\n
Differences in fulfilling resource queries<\/h3>\n
GraphQL lowers the query amount<\/h3>\n
Query nesting<\/h4>\n
Recursive queries<\/h4>\n
Query linking<\/h4>\n
GraphQL query fulfilling in Magento 2<\/h3>\n